How to identify a Zelkova serrata tree in winter

Japanese Zelkova or Zelkova serrata, as it is scientifically known, is a deciduous tree native to Japan, Korea, and Eastern China. It’s our first tree on our Vancouver neighbourhood tree walk kitstreemap.

Once you arrive at the tree, if you want to learn how to identify it again in the future in winter, here are some tips for Zelkova serrata. The tree we map on the walk may not show all these features because trees are also quite individual based on environment, age and many other things.

Bark

In winter, the bark of Zelkova serrata can be a key identification feature. It has a distinctive exfoliating bark, which peels away in patches, revealing orange-brown inner bark. The bark texture can be rough and slightly furrowed.

Branching pattern

Zelkova serrata typically has a broad, spreading crown with ascending branches. The branching pattern is generally opposite, meaning that branches arise in pairs from the main stem in opposite directions. I think this is quite evident with the Kitsilano tree.

Bud arrangement

Take note of the bud arrangement along the branches. Zelkova serrata has small, reddish-brown buds arranged alternately along the twigs. These buds can be observed more easily against the winter sky when the leaves have fallen.

Silhouette

The overall shape and silhouette of Zelkova serrata can also aid in identification during winter. It typically has a vase-shaped or broadly spreading form, with a rounded crown and arching branches.

Leaf remnants

Look for any remaining dried leaves or leaf clusters that may still cling to the branches during winter. Zelkova serrata leaves are alternate, ovate to elliptic, with serrated margins, and they turn yellow to bronze before falling off in autumn.

Habitat

Zelkova serrata is commonly used as an ornamental tree in parks, gardens, and urban landscapes like Vancouver due to its attractive form and tolerance to pollution.

By observing these characteristics, you can identify Zelkova serrata even during the winter months when the tree is devoid of leaves. However, for precise identification, it’s always helpful to consult a field guide or seek assistance from a knowledgeable tree expert!